Surat Al-Isrā - The Night Journey
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وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
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Waanna allatheena layu/minoona bil-akhirati aAAtadna lahum AAathabanaleema
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And that those who do not believe in the Hereafter - We have prepared for them a painful punishment.
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This is in answer to the foolish demands of the disbelievers of Makkah who repeatedly demanded from the Holy Prophet to bring about that torment with which he threatened them. It is closely connected with the preceding verse, as if to say, "O foolish people instead of asking goodness you demand the torment: can't you realize the sufferings of the community which is visited by God's torment?"It also contains a subtle warning to those Muslims who prayed for punishment for those disbelievers who persecuted them and rejected the Message obdurately; there were still among those disbelievers many such people who afterwards embraced Islam and became its standard bearers in the world. That is wiry Allah says, "Man does so because he is very hasty and impatient; " He prays to Allah for all such things as are the immediate need of the time, though often subsequent experience shows that if Allah had granted his prayer, it would have been very harmful to him.
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“It gives the believers who do good deeds the happy news that theirs will be a rich reward; and [declares] that We have prepared a grievous suffering for those who do not believe in the life to come.” (Verses 9-10) This is the basic rule laid down by the Qur’ān in respect of action and reward. The Islamic structure is built on the two pillars of faith and good action. Faith that is not confirmed by action is hollow, unfulfilled, while action that is not based on faith lacks firm roots. It is when both are combined that life maintains its most upright course, and with them both together guidance shown in the Qur’ān takes its proper effect.
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And He tells
﴿وأَنَّ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالاٌّخِرَةِ﴾(those who do not believe in the Hereafter,) that﴿لَهُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً﴾(for them is a painful torment,) i.e. on the Day of Resurrection. As Allah says:﴿فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾(... then announce to them a painful torment.) ﴿84:24﴾